Signal analysis techniques to minimize electromagnetic radiation in 5G mobile networks

Singh, Hirnesh and Singh, Ronish and Assaf, Mansour and Kumar, Sushil (2025) Signal analysis techniques to minimize electromagnetic radiation in 5G mobile networks. Cureus Journal Of Engineering, 2 . NA. ISSN 3005-1479

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Abstract

The rapid rollout of fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks has raised concerns about potential health and environmental effects from prolonged exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by mobile devices and cell towers. Addressing these concerns requires exploring ways to reduce EMR levels without compromising network performance.

This study examines whether signal processing techniques-specifically beamforming and dynamic power control-can significantly reduce power density and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) from 5G-enabled mobile devices and base stations.

Simulations were conducted using Python 3.12, MATLAB, OpenEMS, and GNU Octave to model EMR emissions from a Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra and a Huawei 5G Active Antenna Unit. Power density and SAR were calculated using established electromagnetic models across varying distances and transmission power levels. Beamforming and power control strategies were applied to assess their effectiveness in minimizing radiation exposure.

The simulations showed that EMR emissions from both mobile devices and base stations can be reduced by up to 80% without compromising signal quality. Significant reductions in power density and SAR were observed when beamforming was applied at the tower and dynamic power control was used on the mobile device.

This study demonstrates that adaptive signal processing techniques can meaningfully reduce 5G-related EMR exposure. The findings support the development of safer, more sustainable 5G infrastructure and are consistent with current WHO and IEEE safety guidelines. Future research should incorporate environmental complexity and long-term exposure effects to further validate these results.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC474-496.9 Radiation physics (General) Q Science > QC Physics > QC501-766 Electricity and magnetism
Divisions:	School of Information Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Physics (STEMP)
Depositing User:	Ms Shalni Sanjana
Date Deposited:	01 Jul 2025 01:34
Last Modified:	01 Jul 2025 01:34
URI:	https://repository.usp.ac.fj/id/eprint/15067

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