Mani, Francis S. and Maata, Matakite and Gronert, R. and Harvey, M. and Chand, Sharneet (2016) Landfill gas generation and methane recovery at Naboro landfill, Fiji Islands: a case study from a developing Pacific Island country. UNSPECIFIED.
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Abstract
The Naboro landfill in Suva, the capital city of Fiji Islands, is a sanitary engineered landfill, consisting of a compacted clay protective liner and leachate collection system. The waste is selectively placed, compacted and then covered with soil. The landfill was commisioned in 2005 and is currently receiving an average of 70,000 tonnes of waste annually. The municipal solid waste deposited in the landfill undergoes anaerobic decomposition and the methane gas generated escapes into the atmosphere, adding to the national greenhouse gas inventory. Currently there are no methane recovery and biogas utilisation technology in place or methane flaring at the Naboro landfill site. A feasibility study was carried out recently and based on the model output and field experiments, it was noted that methane recovery and utilisation could be a viable option although there could be some challenges associated with it.
According to the waste chaacterization data supplied by the landfill operator it was noted that 83% is house hold waste, 11% is garden waste and 5% is food waste and 1% construction and demolition waste. Based on the type of waste deposited and the tropical weather condition it was calculated using the model that approximately 800 m3/h of methane is generated in 2016. Figure below shows the landfill gas generated at the Naboro landfill from stage 1 to stage 4.
Due to tropical humid weather condition and waste rich is organic waste that decomposes rapidly results in the yearly average emission of 74% of total methane generated despite methane recovery via vertical wells installed at the end of each stage. The emission equates to 47,000 tons of CO2 equivalent per year despite methane recovery. The emission can be reduced if the methane generated could be extracted using vertical recovery wells half way through each stage rather than at the end of each stage and as a consequence a slight decrease in yearly average emissions of 41,000 tons of CO2 equivalent were noted. Another approach is to lay horizontal wells as the waste is compacted in the active cell and this could increase the efficiency of landfill gas extraction. The model result indicate that the use of horizontal wells reduces the yearly average emission to 55% of total methane generated. This highlights the fact that approximately 45 % of the methane generated could be harnessed and could be utilized to generate energy using gas engines. However a large fraction of the methane generated is still lost as emission to the atmopshere and this can be further reduced by enhancing the oxdising capacity of the soil cover. The methane oxidation in cover soil was measured to be 10.3% by measuring the CH4-CO2 ratios in the static chamber measurements. The experimental value is close to the IPCC default value of 10%. The paper will discuss other challenges associated with methane recovery at Naboro landfill particularly with landfill gas management.
| Item Type: | Other |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > Q Science (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment (FSTE) > School of Biological and Chemical Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Francis Mani |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Aug 2016 02:10 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Oct 2019 21:42 |
| URI: | https://repository.usp.ac.fj/id/eprint/9188 |
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